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#2nd grade dot by dot lion pdf#

Equivalence classes generated by sequence training.

Sigurdardottir ZG, Green G, Saunders RR.

Functional classes and equivalence relations.

Sidman M, Wynne CK, Maguire RW, Barnes T.

matching to sample: an expansion of the testing paradigm. A search for symmetry in the conditional discriminations of rhesus monkeys, baboons, and children.

Sidman M, Rauzin R, Lazar R, Cunningham S, Tailby W, Carrigan P.

Equivalence relations and the reinforcement contingency.

Functional equivalence in a California sea lion: relevance to animal social and communicative interactions. Class-consistent Differential Reinforcement And Stimulus Class Formation In Pigeons. Differential vocalization in budgerigars: towards an experimental analysis of naming. Extending sequence-class membership with matching to sample. On the origins of naming and other symbolic behavior. Nonhumans have not yet shown stimulus equivalence. Stimulus class formation and stimulus-reinforcer relations. Dube WV, McIlvane WJ, Maguire RW, Mackay HA, Stoddard LT.Symmetry and transitivity of conditional relations in monkeys (Cebus apella) and pigeons (Columba livia). D'Amato MR, Salmon DP, Loukas E, Tomie A.Equivalence classes in individuals with minimal verbal repertoires. Carr D, Wilkinson KM, Blackman D, McIlvane WJ.Contextual control of emergent equivalence relations. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

#2nd grade dot by dot lion pdf#

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (442K). These findings show that sea lions can form equivalence classes in simple and conditional discrimination procedures, and that class-specific reinforcers can become equivalence class members. Experiment 3 addressed the role of these reinforcers in equivalence classification and showed that the class-specific reinforcers were sufficient to relate new stimuli to the functional classes. In these three experiments, appropriate within-class responding produced class-specific food reinforcers. The third experiment demonstrated that the functional classes could be expanded through traditionally defined equivalence relations. Following the formation of functional classes in this context, the second experiment showed transfer of the relations that emerged between class members to a matching-to-sample procedure. The present investigation documented the ability of two California sea lions to classify stimuli into functional classes using a simple discrimination reversal procedure. However, there are investigations with verbally limited humans and with nonhuman animals that suggest that the formation and use of classification schemes based on equivalence does not depend on linguistic skills. The ability to group dissimilar stimuli into categories on the basis of common stimulus relations (stimulus equivalence) or common functional relations (functional equivalence) has been convincingly demonstrated in verbally competent subjects.